Nurmi is often considered the greatest Finnish sportsman and one of the greatest athletes of all time. It’s easy to see that Finnish people are genuinely part of nature. Finland also has urbanised regions with many cultural events and activities. In 2005, a total of 47% of the Finnish citizens reported ability to speak Swedish either as primary or a secondary language. [129][verification needed] For instance, economic reforms and EU membership introduced stricter requirements for open bidding and many public monopolies were abolished. Currently, the only region where a popular election is held for the council is Kainuu. Which city is the capital of Turkey? [27] The name can be assumed to be related to the tribe name Finns, which is mentioned at first known time AD 98 (disputed meaning). Check out 'Mirror quiz' answers for TODAY! Despite this, production for export is still more prominent than in Western Europe, thus making Finland possibly more vulnerable to global economic trends. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Among the biggest of these are the three Salpausselkä ridges that run across southern Finland. Finland has about 168,000 lakes (of area larger than 500 m2 or 0.12 acres) and 179,000 islands. In 1918, the fledgling state was divided by the Finnish Civil War. CLICK HERE. [250], With 3.9 million members,[251] the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland is one of the largest Lutheran churches in the world and is also by far Finland's largest religious body; at the end of 2019, 68.7% of Finns were members of the church. World War II prompted a return to more national interests in comparison to a more international line of thought, characterized by Väinö Linna with his The Unknown Soldier and Under the North Star trilogy. [267] The fertility rate in 2014 stood at 1.71 children born/per woman and has been below the replacement rate of 2.1 since 1969. Finns have made major contributions to handicrafts and industrial design: among the internationally renowned figures are Timo Sarpaneva, Tapio Wirkkala and Ilmari Tapiovaara. The Finns reaped a reputation in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) as a well-trained cavalrymen called "Hakkapeliitta", that division excelled in sudden and savage attacks, raiding and reconnaissance, which King Gustavus Adolphus took advantage of in his significant battles, like in the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) and the Battle of Rain (1632). Each minister heads his or her ministry, or, in some cases, has responsibility for a subset of a ministry's policy. What is the capital of Finland? Finn power! The current version of the constitution was enacted on 1 March 2000, and was amended on 1 March 2012. These services are branded as "Allegro" trains. ", Valta vaihtui urheilussa: Suomalaiset arvostavat nyt enemmän futista kuin jääkiekkoa |Jalkapallo |HS, Jalkapallo nousi arvostetuimmaksi urheilulajiksi |Yle Urheilu, Jalkapallolla eniten harrastajia – se lyö lätkän, hiihto on alamäessä |Länsiväylä, "Finnish Sports: Try the sports Finns love! The Helsinki Archipelago consists of over 300 mesmerizing islands. It was detached from the state as a separate judicial entity when the new church law came to force in 1869. Helsinki can be reached from St. Petersburg, Estonia and Sweden via the Baltic Sea. Founded in 1550 by the King of Sweden, the city became the capital of Finland in 1812 and at about the same time began to rebuild like St. Petersburg. As of 2015[update], the country's economy is at the 2006 level. As mentioned above, the capital of Finland is Helsinki, otherwise known as Helsingfors in Swedish, or the “white city of the North”, if you’re feeling poetic. Cultural contacts to the Baltics and Scandinavia became more frequent. In the following decade he tried to secure Russian support for an autonomous Finland, and later became an adviser to Catherine II. [150] With respect to foreign trade, the key economic sector is manufacturing. 2021-04-13 08:20:25 13 minutes ago ; Views 0; By: M Hassan; A + A-0. Even nowadays, the civil war remains a sensitive topic. Around 92% of residents have confidence in Finland's security institutions. [85] When baby-boomers entered the workforce, the economy did not generate jobs quickly enough, and hundreds of thousands emigrated to the more industrialized Sweden, with emigration peaking in 1969 and 1970. The cobbled streets are lined with old, doll-house-like houses and on top of the hill a white stone church looks over the river valley. [158] The proportion of part-time workers was one of the lowest in OECD in 1999. Although Finland's television offerings are largely known for their domestic dramas, such as the long-running soap opera series Salatut elämät,[325][326] there are also internationally known drama series, such as Syke [fi] and Bordertown. One of the most common reasons for work disability are due to mental disorders, in particular depression. After a brief experimentation with monarchy, when an attempt to make Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse King of Finland proved to be a poor success, Finland became a presidential republic, with K. J. Ståhlberg elected as its first president in 1919. Some state enterprises have been privatized and there have been some modest tax cuts. Likewise, the structure has changed, with the service sector growing, with manufacturing declining in importance; agriculture remains a minor part. [97] Its largest lake, Saimaa, is the fourth largest in Europe. As a result of the two wars, Finland ceded the Petsamo, along with parts of Finnish Karelia and Salla. Today, Helsinki pulls off the trick of being something of an international metropolis while still retaining a … The treaties signed with the Soviet Union in 1947 and 1948 included Finnish obligations, restraints, and reparations, as well as further Finnish territorial concessions in addition to those in the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940. There are related clues (shown below). "Russification in Estonia and Finland Before 1917,". This amounted to 10% of Finland's land area and 20% of its industrial capacity, including the ports of Vyborg (Viipuri) and the ice-free Liinakhamari (Liinahamari). [280] Pre-school education is rare compared with other EU countries and formal education is usually started at the age of 7. [194], Finland has top levels of economic freedom in many areas. Finland has four privately owned nuclear reactors producing 18% of the country's energy[181] and one research reactor (decommissioned 2018 [182]) at the Otaniemi campus. They don’t even need activities, just being in nature is enough for them. Due to the electoral system of proportional representation, and the relative reluctance of voters to switch their support between parties, the relative strengths of the parties have commonly varied only slightly from one election to another. These parties have enjoyed approximately equal support, and their combined vote has totalled about 65–80% of all votes. In his "Scandinavian Politics Today" (Manchester University Press, revised 2008. However, the relationship between the Grand Duchy and the Russian Empire soured when the Russian government made moves to restrict Finnish autonomy. "[132], Finland has been ranked above average among the world's countries in democracy,[133] press freedom,[134] and human development. This means that the energy consumption per capita is around 7.2 tons of oil equivalent per year. Finland took part in trade liberalization in the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Tallinn (/ ˈ t ɑː l ɪ n, ˈ t æ l ɪ n /; Estonian: [ˈtɑlʲːinː]; names in other languages) is the capital and most populous city of Estonia.Located in the northern part of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, it has a population of 437,619 in 2020. The Sami cultural identity and the Sami language have survived in Lapland, the northernmost province, but the Sami have been displaced or assimilated elsewhere. The current president is Sauli Niinistö; he took office on 1 March 2012. The world’s largest modern day care center, school campus and assisted living residence for the elderly are all situated in Pudasjärvi. ; Finland ranks number 116 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. Much of the late 1990s economic growth was fueled by the success of the mobile phone manufacturer Nokia, which held a unique position of representing 80% of the market capitalization of the Helsinki Stock Exchange. Within the country, the temperateness varies considerably between the southern coastal regions and the extreme north, showing characteristics of both a maritime and a continental climate. More than 8,000 Finns travelled to Spain to support their team. In 2008, Transparency International criticized the lack of transparency of the system of Finnish political finance. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea. [183] A varying amount (5–17%) of electricity has been imported from Russia (at around 3 gigawatt power line capacity), Sweden and Norway. In 1869, Finland was the first Nordic country to disestablish its Evangelical Lutheran church by introducing the Church Act, followed by the Church of Sweden in 2000. When? There is a sizeable pronunciation difference in the Swedish being spoken in the two countries although the mutual intelligibility is nearly universal.[238]. Elk and hare are common game in Finland. [84] Establishing trade with the Western powers, such as the United Kingdom, and paying reparations to the Soviet Union produced a transformation of Finland from a primarily agrarian economy to an industrialised one. This was followed by the Lapland War of 1944–1945, when Finland fought retreating German forces in northern Finland. The army consists of a highly mobile field army backed up by local defence units. Other regional councils are elected by municipal councils, each municipality sending representatives in proportion to its population. In the 18th century, wars between Sweden and Russia twice led to the occupation of Finland by Russian forces, times known to the Finns as the Greater Wrath (1714–1721) and the Lesser Wrath (1742–1743). It is the most northerly of continental European capitals. In 1899 he composed Finlandia, which played its important role in Finland gaining independence. It’s as if the whole city was planned hand in hand with nature. Sauna is a type of dry steam bath practiced widely in Finland, which is especially evident in the strong tradition around Midsummer and Christmas. Helsinki and its Nordic culture are made by the locals. Vocabulary. Oulu Airport is the second largest, whilst another 25 airports have scheduled passenger services. At first, Finnish people keep their distance, but once you get to know them, they make great friends. Among the top 20th-century Finnish architects to gain international recognition are Eliel Saarinen and his son Eero Saarinen. Helsinki is a beautiful, green city by the sea. [195] Property rights are well protected and contractual agreements are strictly honoured. [112] No part of Finland has Arctic tundra, but Alpine tundra can be found at the fells Lapland. [266] The under-five mortality rate has decreased from 51 per 1,000 live births in 1950 to 2.3 per 1,000 live births in 2017, ranking Finland's rate among the lowest in the world. [344], Various sporting events are popular in Finland. For year 2009 update: According to the Finnish Population Registry Centre and the Finnish Sami parliament, the Sami population living in Finland was 7,371 in 2003. Finland reacted cautiously to the collapse of the Soviet Union, but swiftly began increasing integration with the West. [174][175] Finland's hydrocarbon resources are limited to peat and wood. There are 307 residents for each doctor. ; Finland 2020 population is estimated at 5,540,720 people at mid year according to UN data. [229] 387,215 people in Finland in 2018 were born in another country, representing 7% of the population. The people of northern Finland, Sweden, and Norway, the Sami, are known primarily for highly spiritual songs called joik. The current population of Finland is 5,547,489 as of Thursday, April 15, 2021, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. [107] Of some seventy species of freshwater fish, the northern pike, perch, and others are plentiful. [194] Nordics have been free-trading and relatively welcoming to skilled migrants for over a century, though in Finland immigration is relatively new. The Marin Cabinet is the incumbent 76th government of Finland. It may alter the constitution and ordinary laws, dismiss the cabinet, and override presidential vetoes. A lack of a national agreement in an industry is considered an exception. [226] In the largest cities of Finland, Tampere holds the third place after Helsinki and Espoo while also Helsinki-neighbouring Vantaa is the fourth. Where are the famous Pyramids of Giza situated? With a population of over half a million and it’s own sub-dialect, it’s a bustling and unique city. The cabinet exercises most executive powers, and originates most of the bills that the parliament then debates and votes on. [345] Other popular sports include athletics, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, football, volleyball and basketball. Large and widely recognized wildlife mammals found in Finland are the brown bear, gray wolf, wolverine, and elk. These include the neighboring cities of Espoo and Vantaa, the historical town of Porvoo, Järvenpää-Tuusula area – famous for its artistic heritage – as well as the ironwork villages west of Helsinki. In 2016, 69.3% of Finnish children were baptized[260] and 82.3% were confirmed in 2012 at the age of 15,[261] and over 90% of the funerals are Christian. [296][297], The Finns' love for saunas is generally associated with Finnish cultural tradition in the world. [13] From the late 13th century, Finland gradually became an integral part of Sweden as a consequence of the Northern Crusades. Routledge, 2010. [100] Finland is the largest producer of wood in Europe and among the largest in the world. Public saunas were previously common, but the tradition has declined when saunas have been built nearly everywhere (private homes, municipal swimming halls, hotels, corporate headquarters, gyms, etc.). This phenomenon was given the name "Finlandization" by the West German press. • CAPITAL OF FINLAND (noun) The noun CAPITAL OF FINLAND has 1 sense:. [31][32] However, some historical linguists view this interpretation of the name as unlikely, supposing another etymology or that the spelling originated as a scribal error (in which case the sound-change /oː/ > /uo/ could have happened much later). Policing corruption, International Perspectives. [221] Finland subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 42.6 years. Forty percent of them did so for professional reasons. [312], During the early 1960s, the first significant wave of Finnish rock groups emerged, playing instrumental rock inspired by groups such as The Shadows. The era saw a rise of poets and novelists who wrote in Finnish, notably Aleksis Kivi (The Seven Brothers), Minna Canth (Anna Liisa), Eino Leino (Helkavirsiä), Johannes Linnankoski (The Song of the Blood-Red Flower) and Juhani Aho (The Railroad and Juha). All TV channels are broadcast digitally, both terrestrially and on cable. The standard readiness strength is 34,700 people in uniform, of which 25% are professional soldiers. Capital of Metal brings Brazil to Finland. [235] English is studied by most pupils as a compulsory subject from the first grade (at seven years of age) in the comprehensive school (in some schools other languages can be chosen instead),[244][245] as a result of which Finns' English language skills have been significantly strengthened over several decades. [167], Around 92% have a mobile phone and 83.5% (2009) Internet connection at home. The earliest written appearance of the name Finland is thought to be on three runestones. [125], After parliamentary elections, the parties negotiate among themselves on forming a new cabinet (the Finnish Government), which then has to be approved by a simple majority vote in the parliament. Common Finnic language was spoken around Gulf of Finland 2000 years ago. Swedish kings visited Finland rarely and in Swedish contemporary texts Finns were portrayed to be primitive and their language inferior. [129] Today, Finland has a very low number of corruption charges; Transparency International ranks Finland as one of the least corrupt countries in Europe. The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), led by Vladimir Lenin, recognized independence on 4 January 1918. [285] Around 33% of residents have a tertiary degree, similar to Nordics and more than in most other OECD countries except Canada (44%), United States (38%) and Japan (37%). The most severe winter days in Lapland can see the temperature fall down to −45 °C (−49 °F). The two nearly equally powerful political blocs, the right-wing parties and the social democratic party, were highly antagonized. The unionization rate is high (70%), especially in the middle class (AKAVA—80%). Finland is a top performer in numerous metrics of national performance, including education, economic competitiveness, civil liberties, quality of life and human development. Direct, one- or two-stage elections are used to elect the president for a term of six years and for a maximum of two consecutive 6-year terms. CLICK HERE. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of 657,674. Helsinki  is a vibrant seaside city of beautiful islands and great green urban areas. The capital of Finland is Helsinki; the second largest city is Tampere. [269], There has been a slight increase or no change in welfare and health inequalities between population groups in the 21st century. After Finland had gained independence in 1917, religious freedom was declared in the constitution of 1919 and a separate law on religious freedom in 1922. In addition to Helsinki, the capital region is made of a hub of other interesting cities and sights to visit. Phytogeographically, Finland is shared between the Arctic, central European, and northern European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. In the 1890s Finnish nationalism based on the Kalevala spread, and Jean Sibelius became famous for his vocal symphony Kullervo. Professor Frank Horn of the Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law University of Lappland writing for Virtual Finland on, Alenius, Kari. [96] Like other Nordic countries, Finland decentralised its economy since the late 1980s. Christmas lights, Helsinki Christmas Market and warm drinks exude cheering warmth in the perfect Christmas city Helsinki. The population of Finland is currently about 5.5 million inhabitants and is aging with the birth rate at 10.42 births per 1,000 population per year, or a fertility rate of 1.49 children born per woman,[220] one of the lowest in the world, below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 5.17 children born per woman in 1887. The judicial system of Finland is a civil law system divided between courts with regular civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Helsinki is the capital of Finland. However, the majority of Lutherans attend church only for special occasions like Christmas ceremonies, weddings, and funerals. [140] This was reversed in the 2000s, when Tarja Halonen and Erkki Tuomioja made Finland's official policy to resist other EU members' plans for common defence. On 21 September 1990, Finland unilaterally declared the Paris Peace Treaty obsolete, following the German reunification decision nine days earlier.[95]. Allergies and dementia are also growing health problems in Finland. [60], Even before the war there were conspiring politicians, among them Col G. M. Sprengtporten, who had supported Gustav III's coup in 1772. Helsinki has close historical connections with its neighboring cities of Talinn in Estonia, Saint Petersburg in Russia, and Stockholm in Sweden. Helsinki which is the capital city of Finland is part of the Uusimaa region. [78] The largest export markets were the United Kingdom and Germany. Gender segregation between male-dominated professions and female-dominated professions is higher than in the US. Yle is funded through a mandatory television license and fees for private broadcasters. Helsinki is the largest city in Finland and the metropolitan area is the home of 1.4 million people. 24 hours in Helsinki is just enough to get into the mood of this easygoing capital that you might not want to leave. Finland has had for most of its independence a semi-presidential system, but in the last few decades the powers of the President have been diminished. [186] The Helsinki Airport-based Finnair, Blue1, and Nordic Regional Airlines, Norwegian Air Shuttle sell air services both domestically and internationally. The endangered Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis), one of only three lake seal species in the world, exists only in the Saimaa lake system of southeastern Finland, down to only 390 seals today. [67], After the 1917 February Revolution, the position of Finland as part of the Russian Empire was questioned, mainly by Social Democrats. According to the WWF, the territory of Finland can be subdivided into three ecoregions: the Scandinavian and Russian taiga, Sarmatic mixed forests, and Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands. Transport and communications ministry—Rail. Created almost entirely during the first three decades after World War II, the social security system was an outgrowth of the traditional Nordic belief that the state was not inherently hostile to the well-being of its citizens, but could intervene benevolently on their behalf. Text from PD source: US Library of Congress: The Nordic Model of Welfare: A Historical Reappraisal, by Niels Finn Christiansen, "Retail growth best in Finland for five years". [clarification needed] Finland is ranked 16th in the 2008 global Index of Economic Freedom and 9th in Europe. Internationally well-known Finnish actors and actresses include Jasper Pääkkönen, Peter Franzén, Laura Birn, Irina Björklund, Samuli Edelmann, Krista Kosonen, Ville Virtanen and Joonas Suotamo. 1. the capital and largest city of Finland; located in southern Finland; a major port and commercial and cultural center Familiarity information: CAPITAL OF FINLAND used as a noun is very rare. [331] This is shown in its penetration throughout the country's population. Municipalities co-operate in seventy sub-regions and nineteen regions. Citizens can run and vote in parliamentary, municipal, presidential and European Union elections. [53], Swedish became the dominant language of the nobility, administration, and education; Finnish was chiefly a language for the peasantry, clergy, and local courts in predominantly Finnish-speaking areas. Dr. Pirjo Uino of the National Board of Antiquities, ThisisFinland—"Prehistory: The ice recedes—man arrives". The Finnish Defence Forces consist of a cadre of professional soldiers (mainly officers and technical personnel), currently serving conscripts, and a large reserve. Climatic summers (when mean daily temperature remains above 10 °C or 50 °F) in southern Finland last from about late May to mid-September, and in the inland, the warmest days of July can reach over 35 °C (95 °F). Credit-based land reform was enacted after the civil war, increasing the proportion of the capital-owning population. In April 2012, Finland was ranked 2nd in Gross National Happiness in a report published by The Earth Institute. [130] According to GRECO in 2007, corruption should be taken into account in the Finnish system of election funds better. A small, vibrant city surrounded by the world’s largest archipelago, the Finnish capital offers a sophisticated urban experience in a stunning natural setting. Other cities with population over 100,000 are Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Kuopio, and Lahti. In addition, the public health services are usually organized on the basis of regions. The plan aimed at increasing forest harvests by about 3% per year, while conserving forestland for recreation and other uses. [352], Coordinates: 64°N 26°E / 64°N 26°E / 64; 26, This article is about the Republic of Finland. [257] The main Lutheran and Orthodox churches are national churches of Finland with special roles such as in state ceremonies and schools.[258]. Helsinki is one of the coolest little capitals of Europe, and we wasted no time in exploring it's best bits. Which city is the capital of Turkey? The Capital City of Finland (officially named Republic of Finland) is the city of Helsinki. For over 100 years, Finnish male and female athletes have consistently excelled at the javelin throw. [253][254] The second largest group, accounting for 26.3% of the population[252] in 2017, has no religious affiliation. In 1917, the population was three million. Finland has the highest concentration of cooperatives relative to its population. Today, Helsinki pulls off the trick of being something of an international metropolis while still retaining a … A citizen of Finland that speaks bilingually Finnish and Swedish will often be registered as a Finnish only speaker in this system. [136][137], According to the 2012 constitution, the president (currently Sauli Niinistö) leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government, except that the president has no role in EU affairs. Helsinki, Swedish Helsingfors, capital of Finland. In the following chart, the number of inhabitants includes those living in the entire municipality (kunta/kommun), not just in the built-up area. ", "Suomen hallintorakenteeseen ja maakuntauudistukseen liittyviä termejä sekä maakuntien ja kuntien nimet fi-sv-en-(ru)", "Kaupunkien ja kuntien lukumäärät ja väestötiedot", "Suomen virallinen tilasto (SVT): Väestön ennakkotilasto [verkkojulkaisu]. 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