The Maya site of Copan represents one of the most spectacular achievements of the Classic Maya Period because of the number, elaboration and magnitude of its architectural and sculptural monuments. At each of its northern corners was a large sculpted Pawatun (a group of deities that supported the heavens). [3], The city has a historical record that spans the greater part of the Classic period and has been reconstructed in detail by archaeologists and epigraphers. [65], The Cemetery Group is immediately south of the Main Group and includes a number of small structures and plazas.[65]. Among the five plazas are the Ceremonial Plaza, with an impressive stadium opening onto a mound with numerous richly sculptured monoliths and altars; the Hieroglyphic Stairway Plaza, with a monumental stairway at its eastern end that is one of the outstanding structures of Mayan culture. [18], Stela J was erected by Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil in AD 702 and was his first monument. [82] It was dedicated by king Yax Pasaj Chan Yopaat in AD 776 and has each of the first 16 kings of the Copán dynasty carved around its side. It is also the largest southern site. [32] Originally it was used as a sculpted bench or step and the date on the monument is associated with the dedication of a funerary temple or a tomb, probably the tomb of K'inich' Yax K'uk' Mo', which was discovered underneath the same structure. At the base of the stairway, he also raised Stela M, with his own image. On its western side is a stairway sculptured with figures of jaguars originally inlaid with black obsidian. [18], Stela B was erected by Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil in the early 8th century AD. The 10-meter (33 ft) wide Hieroglyphic Stairway ascends the building on the west side from the courtyard below. [2] It was the capital city of a major Classic period kingdom from the 5th to 9th centuries AD. The whole site its self is about 9.5 square miles (24.6 square kilometers) in size with a major central plaza and an adjoining acropolis nearby. [50], The Hieroglyphic Stairway climbs the west side of Structure 10L-26. It encloses the south side of the Court of the Hieroglyphic Stairway and is accessed from it by a wide monumental stairway. an account of Copán by George Byron Gordon, an early archeologist at the site. It consists of two plazas that have been named the West Court and the East Court. [63], The Copán site is known for a series of portrait stelae, most of which were placed along processional ways in the central plaza of the city and the adjoining acropolis, a large complex of overlapping step-pyramids, plazas, and palaces. [3] In order to avoid further destruction of the acropolis, the Carnegie Institution redirected the river to save the archaeological site, diverting it southwards in the 1930s; the dry former riverbed was finally filled in at the same time as consolidation of the cut in 1990s. Before a new building was built over the top, the upper sanctuary was demolished and a tomb was inserted into the floor and covered with 11 large stone slabs. De stad – ontdekt in 1570 door Diego García de Palacio – werd pas in de 19e eeuw opgegraven. In AD 724 Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil installed K'ak' Tiliw Chan Yopaat as a vassal on the throne of Quiriguá. On top of this he placed a two-storey superstructure with a sculpted roof depicting the mythological cosmos. More in details. There is a need for specific regulations to coordinate the enforcement of all existing legislative and regulatory measures. Copán, ruined ancient Maya city, in extreme western Honduras near the Guatemalan border. [53], Stela 12 was erected outside of the site core by Smoke Imix in AD 652. It bears a hieroglyphic text that is woven into a criss-cross mat design to form a convoluted puzzle that must be read in precisely the right order to be understood. The two surviving stelae of K'ak' Chan Yopaat contain long, hard-to-decipher hieroglyphic texts and are the oldest monuments at the site to survive without being either broken or buried. [10], Copán had a major influence on regional centres across western and central Honduras, stimulating the introduction of Mesoamerican characteristics to local elites. Popol Hol is not the original name of this king but rather a nickname based on the appearance of his Teotihuacan-linked name glyph. [74] The earliest version of this temple is nicknamed Hunal; it was built in the talud-tablero style of architecture that was typical of Teotihuacan, with traces of brightly colored murals on the surviving traces of the interior walls. The stone step is less well preserved than the rest of the building, but a date in AD 571 has been deciphered. [33], Wil Ohl K'inich, the eighth ruler, is another king known only by his appearance on Altar Q. [37], Stela 11 was originally an interior column from Temple 18, the funerary shrine of Yax Pasaj Chan Yopaat. [49], The Ballcourt is immediately north of the Court of the Hieroglyphic Stairway and is to the south of the Monument Plaza. A mid-sized site located in western Honduras, Copán has a limited architectural leg-acy, yet it hosts more hieroglyphic inscriptions and sculpted monuments than any other Maya site. A hieroglyphic text is inscribed on the upper surface, relating the founding of the dynasty in AD 426–427. The World Heritage Committee, 1. It is presumed to be the tomb of either Ruler 7 (B'alam Nehn), Ruler 8 or Ruler 9, who all ruled in the first half of the 6th century AD. Manahan, T. Kam 2003 The Collapse of Complex Society and Its Aftermath: A Case Study from the Classic Maya Site of Copan, Honduras. They are both enclosed by elevated structures. [74] The earliest version of the temple, nicknamed Yax, was built during the reign of K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo', the dynastic founder, and has architectural features (such as inset corners) that are characteristic of Tikal and the central Petén region. They were lost to the Copán River in the early 20th century. He is thought to have been the longest reigning king of Copán, ruling from 628 to 695. Although this king is also mentioned on a few other fragments of sculpture, no dates accompany his name. It has been suggested that Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil was attempting to attack another site to secure captives for sacrifice in order to dedicate the new ballcourt when he was ambushed by K'ak' Tiliw Chan Yopaat and his Quiriguá warriors. [37], After this sudden spate of activity, Smoke Imix continued to rule until almost the end of the 7th century; he dedicated another nine known monuments and made important changes to the architecture of Copán, including the construction of Structure 2, which closes the northern side of the Great Plaza, and a new version of Temple 26, nicknamed Chorcha. [52], The North Group is a Late Classic compound. Recalling Decision 33 COM 7B.137 , adopted at its 33rd session (Seville, 2009), 3. [56] Several expeditions sponsored by the Peabody Museum of Harvard University worked at Copán during the late 19th and early 20th centuries,[57] including the 1892–1893 excavation of the Hieroglyphic Stairway by John G. Owens and George Byron Gordon. Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil was confident enough in his power to rank his city among the four most powerful states in the Maya region, together with Tikal, Calakmul and Palenque, as recorded on Stela A. [23] K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo' was probably from Tikal and was likely to have been sponsored by Siyaj Chan K'awill II, the 16th ruler in the dynastic succession of Tikal. The existing legislation, both at the national and regional level, provides an appropriate framework for the protection of the site. He removed the Hieroglyphic Stairway from the earlier building and reinstalled it into his own version, while doubling the length of its text and adding five life-size statues of rulers dressed in the garb of Teotihuacano warriors, each seated on a step of the stairway. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Lids modeled into human figurines, thought to represent the most important royal sites of core! Maya still live in the Department of western Honduras near the border Guatemala! Woman nicknamed the `` Lady in Red '' the next two kings place them in a text on Copán Q... 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